固體增塑劑

固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)相(xiang)對液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)提出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概念，是(shi)一種(zhong)輔助增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，通常與主增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)并用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，主要作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)促進高分子(zi)(zi)(zi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)塑(su)(su)化(hua)，并抑制主增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)析(xi)(xi)出(chu)。</P><P> 產生背景</P><P> 長期以來增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)主要以鄰苯類產品(pin)為主，但(dan)隨著DOP在(zai)食(shi)品(pin)、醫藥(yao)工業上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)越(yue)來越(yue)廣泛(fan)，人們發現增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)存在(zai)析(xi)(xi)出(chu)風險，尤其(qi)在(zai)PVC軟(ruan)制品(pin)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)線、電(dian)纜領域(yu)，傳(chuan)統液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)均(jun)有析(xi)(xi)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢(shi) [1-2] ，這對材(cai)料(liao)(liao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)造成不良(liang)影(ying)響，如PVC電(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)力學(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能、電(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能等。由(you)此，需要減少(shao)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量以降低其(qi)析(xi)(xi)出(chu)風險 [3] 。然而增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量減少(shao)勢(shi)必會(hui)帶(dai)來其(qi)他方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，如材(cai)料(liao)(liao)軟(ruan)硬度，低溫性(xing)(xing)(xing)能，拉伸(shen)強度劑(ji)(ji)(ji)斷(duan)裂(lie)伸(shen)長率等，由(you)此固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)應(ying)運而生。</P><P> 作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)原理</P><P> 固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)需具(ju)(ju)備(bei)特(te)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)組成，且(qie)要有特(te)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)結(jie)構(gou)，如特(te)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)孔隙結(jie)構(gou)。由(you)此，固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)對DOP等小分子(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)有吸附性(xing)(xing)(xing)能 [4] ，從而對小分子(zi)(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)起到“固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)”作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，防止小分子(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)合物遷移析(xi)(xi)出(chu)。此外，固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)需同PVC分子(zi)(zi)(zi)具(ju)(ju)有優異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)容(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，這樣兩者才具(ju)(ju)有良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)互纏(chan)結(jie)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，使其(qi)在(zai)PVC制品(pin)中(zhong)具(ju)(ju)有良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分散性(xing)(xing)(xing)能。</P><P> 應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)領域(yu)</P><P> 固(gu)(gu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)主要應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)PVC軟(ruan)制品(pin)及(ji)PVC半硬制品(pin)中(zhong)，通常與液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)并用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，在(zai)標準配方中(zhong)加入1-3份(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)可明(ming)顯改善增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)PVC制品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)析(xi)(xi)出(chu)問(wen)題(ti)。

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